THE LIFE AND WORKS OF JAMES WELDON JOHNSON Essays

THE LIFE AND WORKS OF JAMES WELDON JOHNSON James Weldon Johnson was an author, representative, teacher, and editor,who likewise portrayed himself as a man of letters and a social equality pioneer. Despite the fact that, he is done living, James Weldon Johnson has left much abouthis commitments to African American writing. Johnson was conceived June 17,1871 in Jacksonville, Florida to James and Helen Louise (Dallied) Johnson. Johnson's dad, James Johnson, was brought into the world a freeman and was of blended family. He was a headwaiter in St. James Hotel. Mr. Johnson taughthis child how to communicate in Spanish as a little fellow. Johnson's mom, Helen Johnson, was brought into the world a liberated person in the West Indies. Mrs. Helen was awoman of French and Black heritage. She was the primary dark American to educate in the province of Florida. Mrs. Helen additionally showed her child to play the guitar(Otfinoski 22). Johnson was brought into the world the second of three kids: John Rosamond, otherwise called Rozy, and a sister which kicked the bucket not long after birth (Logan and Winston, James Weldon Johnson 353). He was initially named Johnson James William Johnson, by his folks, however in 1913, he changed his center name to Weldon (Kranz, James Weldon Johnson 78). Sept 1 Johnson was a knowledgeable man of his time. During his initial not many long periods of school he joined in, Stanton, which offered blacks instruction up to the eight evaluation. Stanton was outstanding amongst other dark schools in Johnson's old neighborhood. He moved on from Stanton at 16 years old and proceeded to join in an optional school and school at Atlanta University. Johnson went to Atlanta University in Georgia on the grounds that there were no school's past punctuation school for blacks in Jacksonville, Florida and the college ran a unique secondary school program for blacks (23,28). Johnson assisted his training at the college accepting that it would instruct him more to his greatest advantage of individuals of color (Adams 155). In 1894, Johnson graduated with distinction from Atlanta University getting his four year college education. He likewise gave the graduation discourse (Kanzs 77-79). During Johnson's lifetime he had numerous professions helping other people and composing. Johnson was an artist, lyricist, manager, social liberties pioneer, legal advisor, teacher, and ambassador (Metzger et. al. 303). Russell L. Adams, creator of Incredible Negroes Past and Present, expressed, Johnson had an ability for convincing individuals of varying ideological plans to cooperate for a shared objective. . . (Adams 77-79). Sept 2 Taking care of himself through school, Johnson worked in a machine production line during school and in the late spring at a country school instructing in Georgia, which paid a nickel for every understudy, to help pay his way through school (Otfinoski 23). At the point when Johnson moved on from Atlanta University in 1894, he turned down a clinical grant at Harvard to acknowledge an occupation as head at the All- Dark Stanton school in Jacksonville, Florida. While head at Stanton, Johnson visited neighborhood white schools to think about the degrees of training being educated in light of the fact that he felt that every single dark kid in his old neighborhood ought to have the same chance of being shown similar degrees of training. Thus, in doing that he began subtly showing green bean classes without the administrator's consent. After Johnson informed his chief concerning educating first year recruit classes, he was dazzled to the point that he chose to grow Stanton to a four-year secondary school for blacks (23). By 1901 Johnson was monetarily and intellectually secure enough from his tune eminences he concluded the time had come to leave as head in Jacksonville and give the entirety of his opportunity to composing. In this way, he moved to New York City with his sibling, Rosamond. While in New York City Johnson met a youngster by the name of Elegance Nail, the little girl of a land dealer, at a party (Tolbert- Sept 3 Rouchaleau 55). On February 3, 1910, Grace Nail turned into the spouse of James Weldon Johnson. Additionally while living in New York, he considered dramatization and writing at Columbia University and graduated in 1905 (Otfinoski 25). Johnson's mom support in perusing, drawing, and tuning in to music truly paid off (Metzger et. Al. 304). He began writing in a dark lingo, impacted by Paul Dunbar, and standard english on racial issues that he was seeing around him (Kranz 78). Johnson had huge numbers of his sonnets distributed in the Century and the Free magazines. Johnson's first sonnet, Since You Went Away, was distributed in the Century magazine and set up with a good soundtrack by his sibling to turn into a well known melody. Johnson and his sibling likewise composed the tune, Lift Every Voice also, Sing, to observe Lincoln's birthday,

Lean management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Lean administration - Essay Example r system helps firms to dispose of the issues related with over the top stock, which is exceptionally regular with the conventional make to stock technique. Dell Computers is a case of a partnership that utilizes the MTO creation methodology. The Assemble to Order (ATO) is additionally a business creation system by which brisk moves are made on orders put by clients, and these items are adaptable to a limited degree. Under this creation procedure, the fundamental pieces of the items are now manufactured yet not collected at this point. When the client submits a request, these parts are amassed rapidly to convey items that are redone to the buyer’s details. It is to be noticed that the ATO procedure is a crossover between the specially make system and the make-to-stock technique. At last, the Make to Stock (MTS) is a conventional business technique utilized by associations to coordinate creation with shopper request conjectures. Under this system, specific stock levels are kept up to satisfy the anticipated need levels. This business creation system can be effective just if the item request is determined precisely. In any case, incorrect interest gauges would wind up in money related misfortunes coming about because of over the top stock or stockouts. Fleuren, H., Hertog, D and Kort, P. (2006). Tasks Research Proceedings 2004: Selected Papers of the Annual International Conference of the German Operations Research Society. US: Springer Science and Business

The Dangers of Non-Alcoholic Beer

The Dangers of Non-Alcoholic Beer Addiction Alcohol Use Print The Dangers of Drinking Non-Alcoholic Beer By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on October 14, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on September 25, 2019 Thinkstock / Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery They call it near beer and it may be nearer than you think. Those trying to abstain from alcohol are warned against the use of non-alcoholic beer; now there may be scientific evidence to support the admonition. There are many different reasons why people decide not to try the so-called non-alcoholic beer if they wanted to remain sober. Avoiding temptation is the reason most often offered. Other than the fact that all NA beer does contain a small amount of alcohol, there is now a new study out that seems to support the theory that it can cause a relapse for recovering alcoholics. How Even the Smell of Beer Can Be Enough to Trigger Cravings In one research study, a team of California scientists reports that smell may be enough to trigger cravings and a subsequent relapse among certain alcoholics.?? In their laboratory experiments, rats were trained to self-administer alcohol or a bitter, white substance called quinine when they smelled either orange or banana. The smell of banana was used when the rats consumed alcohol, while the smell of orange was presented to them when the rats tasted quinine. Both alcohol and the anticipation of alcohol may raise levels of a brain chemical called dopamine, which plays a role in feelings of elation and pleasure, according to the investigators. The researchers found increases in dopamine in the rats brains before and after smelling these alcohol-related cues. Same Attitude and Behavior One danger is developing the same attitudes and behavior while drinking NA beer as you used to do when drinking the real stuff. This finding could help explain that phenomenon. The California study has been cited by scientists as an important step in the possible development of medications that may prevent relapse. As many as 90% of alcoholics will experience one relapse in the four years after they quit drinking, according to statistics from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.?? Stay Away From Non-Alcoholic Beer If You Want to Remain Sober Dr. Friedbert Weiss from The Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, California, said, This is our studys significance: it provides a reliable tool that allows us to investigate brain mechanisms and neurochemical systems so that we can embark on a more educated approach to finding effective medications. In the meantime, the best advice for those trying to remain sober would be to stay away from anything that even smells like alcohol. Develop a Drug-Free Lifestyle to Avoid Relapse One of the ways that recovery experts recommend to avoid relapse and maintain sobriety is to develop a drug-free lifestyle in which the person trying to stay sober substitutes healthy activities for behaviors from the past. Many people in recovery find that they need to make new nondrinking friends and not hang out with their old drinking buddies if they want to stay sober. Sitting around drinking near beer with the same people in the same places you used to drink, is maintaining your old lifestyle, not developing a new one. I tell people to avoid the so-called non-alcoholic beer like the plague, one long-time support-group member told Verywell. First, it is not truly non-alcoholic, it does contain a small amount of alcohol which alone could trigger a relapse for some. Secondly, its like playing with fire, he said. Sooner or later you are going to get burned. There is a saying, if you hang around the barbershop long enough, sooner or later you are going to get a haircut. The same is true for near beer. Ive seen it happen too many times.

Alice Munro s Boys And Girls And Jamaica Kincaid s Girl

The narrative voice is intriguing when choosing a literacy technique when applied to Alice Munro s â€Å"Boys and Girls† and Jamaica Kincaid s â€Å"Girl† because it highlights the significance of women s role during the 1960 s. The story of Boys and Girls is in third person narration describing an eleven- year old girl. This story was published in 1968, a time when the second wave of feminism movement occurred. This story gives information about adult gender roles. The setting of the story is in Canada during the winter. The narrator is living in a fox- breeding farm which correlates to the North American culture in the 1960 s. In the 1960 s, women were stereotyped as happy wives and mothers. In contrast, the society believed that unmarried†¦show more content†¦In contrast, the eleven year old girl is describing how she is the enemy. The parental figures in her life were manipulative in ways that subject them to abiding by the society when it comes to the rule s in the women gender. The narrator says, â€Å" She was plotting now to get me to stay in the house more, although she knew I hated it and keep me from working for my father.(pg. 307) This statement is describing how important these roles were to the manipulative parental figures in her life. The father did not believe in the stereotypical women roles, which lead to him making her a hired man. During the winter, the family keeps and kills two horses to feed the foxes with horse meat. The name of the horses was Mack and Flora, which were a single female and male horse. Mack was the male horse who was characterized as a old black workhouse, sooty, and indifferent. (pg. 308) This statement describes how the stereotypical male in society should be like in the 1960 s. The male should have the characteristics of workhorse in the field of working in the 1960 s. Flora was a female who was characterized as an sorrel mare, a driver.(pg. 308) This statement describes how dominant she was a female horse. In contrast, the female women was not the dominant gender in the 1960 s , because of the limitations and lack of opportunities created by the predominantly gender of males. The narrator says, â€Å" the word girl had formerly seemed to me

Advertising Is A Marketing Communication Tool Essay

1-2.1 What is advertising? Advertising is a marketing communication tool that encourages and persuades customers to take actions (purchase decisions). According to David Ogilvy a successful ad is the one which is able to sell the product or service without drawing the consumer attention that it sells. 1-2.2 The shift from traditional media to social media. For years companies and brands where depending on mass marketing like TV , Radio , printed ads to communicate their message to audience , grape their attention and sell them then retain them (Ford, 2008) But day over day consumers starts to show resistance and negative impact toward traditional ads due to lack of credibility and transparency and poor communication. So marketers starts to use different platforms to reach their target audience and with the evolution of the internet and social networks each hour spent over the internet reduces the time available for traditional channels . The companies started to follow its customers and discovered that their consumers are being influenced more by the flow of information over social networks (Subramani Rajagopalan, 2003). Ford discovered that using traditional channels is impractical and using more targeted Medias both the company and the consumer will benefit (Ford, 2008) 1-2.3 some facts about social media: †¢ 70% of the ROI of certain products was discovered to be due to passing messages through social media (Klaasen, 2007) †¢ According to a research done byShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at Marketing Strategies1005 Words   |  4 Pages It is defined as paid form of non personal communication about an organisation, service, product, or idea by an identified sponsor. Public service announcement, which has an sporadic exception whose advertising space or time is provided by media. 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The objective is to position product and organizations clearly and distinctively’. (Jobber, 2007) ‘Integrated Marketing Communications†¨(IMC) is a new trend in business planning†¨Ã¢â‚¬â€œ combining different communication instruments such

Evolution of the Electronic Health Record Free Essays

Evolution of the Electronic Health Record By Belinda Martorelli 11 January 2012 The beginnings of a standardized electronic health record system started in the 1960’s. They were mostly written accounts of the patients’ complaints’. As the systems developed, the records followed a business format, with the information being more useful for the financials and statistics. We will write a custom essay sample on Evolution of the Electronic Health Record or any similar topic only for you Order Now (Johns, Merida L. (Ed. ) (2011) Health Information Management Technology, Illinois: Chicago, Third Edition. It was reported by Summerfield and Empey that â€Å"at least 73 hospitals† were using computerized systems for patient’s records and there were â€Å"28 projects† underway to store and retrieve clinically relevant information. Over time other systems were created such as the CHCS – Composite Health Care System – used by the Department of Defense, COSTAR – the Computer Stored Ambulatory Record- used worldwide, and DHCP – De-Centralized Hospital Computer Program cultivated by the Veteran’s Administration – used nationwide, to name a few. Electronic Health Records, National Institutes of Health National Center for Research Resources, Overview, April 2006, The MITRE Corporation) The Institute of Medicine (IOM) saw new technologies in the mid 1980’s that they wished to implement in Electronic Health Records (EHR) to reduce duplicate records and increase accuracy. In 1991, a committee was created to make a report and recommendations. That first report was titled â€Å"The Computer-based Patient Record: An Essential Technology for Health Care†. The results of this report spoke about the characteristics, features and purposes of the electronic record. (Johns, Merida L. (Ed. ) (2011) Health Information Management Technology, Illinois: Chicago, Third Edition. ) Early in 1999, a report came out that revealed between 44,000 and 98,000 American hospital patients died due to medical errors. Embracing information technology was a priority along with other factors that needed improvement in the American Healthcare System. Other reports focused on patient safety and the quality of care they received. Johns, Merida L. (Ed. ) (2011) Health Information Management Technology, Illinois: Chicago, Third Edition. ) The next important report the IOM produced, in 2003, dealt with the standardization of EHRs to improve patient safety. They created an 8-point list of what EHRs could do. 1. Administrative processes 2. Decision support 3. Electronic communication and connectivity 4. Health information and data 5. Order entry/management 6. Patient support 7. Reporting and population health management 8. Results management (Johns, Merida L. Ed. ) (2011) Health Information Management Technology, Illinois: Chicago, Third Edition. Source: adapted from Kohn 2000. ) There was a study done in 2009 reporting the set-up of health information technology, with limited success, in the industry. The IOM and the National Research Council spoke about the shortfall of implementing the technology, creating a â€Å"healthcare IT chasm†. (Johns, Merida L. (Ed. ) (2011) Health Information Management Technology, Illinois: Chicago, Third Edition. Source: adapted from Kohn 2000. Some of the challenges to having EHR’s can be system crashes, slow response time and lack of communication between disciplines. Purchasing a system â€Å"off the shelf† can be problematic. It may not be an exact fit. It can also be cost prohibitive. Buying components to meet the facilities needs might perform better. The Personal Health Record (PHR) is controlled by the patient. It contains information about their diseases, hospitalizations, surgeries and any other pertinent facts that affect the patient. Its’ location can be on a flash drive, their computer or on the Web. It can list demographics like occupation, health related plans and their current health status along with a living will, organ donation choices and a durable power of attorney. (Johns, Merida L. (Ed. ) (2011) Health Information Management Technology, Illinois: Chicago, Third Edition. ) References: Electronic Health Records, National Institutes of Health National Center for Research Resources, Overview, April 2006, The MITRE Corporation Johns, Merida L. (Ed. ) (2011) Health Information Management Technology, Illinois: Chicago, Third Edition. How to cite Evolution of the Electronic Health Record, Essay examples

Everything about BHP Billiton Australia †Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Write an essay onBHP Billiton. Answer: BHP Billiton is one of the global listed companies, which is specialised in the diversified mineral resources mining with the establishment in 25 nations and has a wide range of portfolio for mining of commodities, which consists of aluminium, energy coal, metallurgical coal. On the other hand, it also deals in iron ore copper, manganese, liquefied petroleum gas precious metals such silver and diamond. Since the inception of 2001 BHP Billiton has shown an upward trend in towards strengthening the market position through diversification of commodities in market. Key Performance Indicator: There are several key indicators of success for BHP Billiton, which can be considered to determine the success of the organisation in the international market. It is evident that the attributable profits obtained after the deductions of tax are attributable to the members of the group. It act as a financial indicator which helps in depth view regarding the amount of profit available for distribution to the shareholders. On the other hand, the total return yielded from the shareholders during the financial year shows the combination of dividends and the share prices, which has helped BHP Billiton in generation of wealth (Moon et al., 2015). The resources, capabilities and core competencies of the organisation: Grnig and Khn, 2015 states that the companies transformed them entirely in the world of information and BHP Billiton ability to exploit the intangible assets is turning out to be more decisive than their ability to administer tangible assets. BHP Billiton is expanding its business on global platforms and study reveals that it has implemented the concept of balanced scorecard, which helps in supplementing the measurement of financial performance of business. Hence, the resources and core competencies measures the criteria of perspective customers, internal business process, learning and growth. BHP Billiton is of late has been transferring the resources and capabilities across the geographical boundary which provides the way for company to leverage its core competencies more fully and expands its competitive advantage into the wider array of geographical markets. Internal environment analysis: VRIO Analysis is performed to determine the conceptual framework of which forms an indispensible part of BHP Billiton strategic scheme. The primary objective of conducting such analysis is to determine the resources of BHP Billiton or the capability worth of BHP Billiton (Chen and Kodono, 2014). Value: The primary question raised whether BHP Billiton has the ability to make optimum utilisation of its resources or does it put in effort in exploring and exploiting the opportunities. It is also puts an emphasis on inflecting threat in the market position for BHP Billiton, if a firm is unable to possess threat in the market then it might expose its weakness. However, in this context BHP Billiton having abundant of resources and assets is regarded as strength in mining industry and other competing firms might feel themselves as a threat in contrast to the resource capabilities of BHP Billiton. Rarity: BHP Billiton is considered as one of those rare mining companies which enjoys the competitive advantages. It does not lags in resources and capabilities and hence, it is benefited from other competing firms due to is wide range of assets. Numerous studies has indicated that BHP Billiton enjoys the competitive benefit in mining sector over several other mining industry due to its overall objectives and strategies which are apparent throughout the mining industry (Knott, 2015). Immutability: The scenario of compatibility reflected through the framework of VRIO analysis reflects the internal environment of BHP Billiton. It determines the adequacy of cost disadvantage in terms of resources and capability in the process of procuring and developing resources in comparison to other mining firms. Mining company like BHP Billiton having rich and valuable resources can be hard to emulate for other competing firms in order to gain advantage. BHP Billiton can either exploit those external opportunity or neutralise the threat from external sources by making optimum utilisation of available resources. Organisation: Once BHP Billiton has understood the concept of value, rarity and immutability of resources and capabilities, the next procedure is to organise the organisation in an appropriate manner to make an effective use of such resources. However due to its large scale of operation, BHP enjoys the benefits sustained competitive advantage for prolonged period of time. The management and the control systems of BHP Billiton consists of both formal and informal mode of managerial decisions by aligning such decisions with the strategy of the organisation (Chapman, 2012). These components of BHP Billiton are better known for complementary capabilities and resources because it helps in sustained competitive advantage. Without correct organisational and managerial strategies no firms can achieve the valuable, rarity and immutability and may suffer competitive disadvantage. Value chain: The term value chain comprises of activities defines the functional operations and performance of specific activities in order to deliver valuable product and service in the market. The theory of value chain is based on the foundation of decision supporting tools, which adds to the competitive parameters. Value chain analysis facilitates the physical illustration of several processes for BHP Billiton, which are involved in the mining, and extraction of raw materials and concluding the procedure by rendering the final product, which is commonly known as value chain. Primary activities: Facilitating the arrangement for inbound movement of minerals, metallurgical coal, silver, irons ore, manganese from the mining site to the manufacturing units. The functions and operations of BHP Billiton are concentrated on administrating the process, which converts the inputs of raw materials in to the output of finished goods. Supportive activities: This process consists of procuring the raw materials such as metallurgical coal, silver extracts, iron ore, diamonds, and manganese from the mining sites to the manufacturing unit where plants and equipment are located. The technological unit in collaboration with the manufacturing unit is concerned with pertaining the equipments such as the hardware, software and technological knowledge which is introduced by BHP Billiton in converting those inputs into finished goods. BHP Billiton is well supported by the activities such as accounting and finance controlling the public relation and the quality (De Souza Mrcio de Almeida, 2013). Value chain forms an integral part of BHP Billiton for appropriate functional operations. The concept of value chain has rapidly paved its way in leading the management position, which is considered as an important tool for strategic planning. BHP Billiton implements the theory of value chain to the entire supply chains and distribution channels of its organisation. This implementation has enabled BHP Billiton to post yet another groundbreaking performance based on its business approach aimed at developing the manifold equipments for growth. Such feat acts as an encouraging aspect adjacent to the surroundings of financially viable challenges in relation to its business. Culture: BHP Billiton is dedicated towards the highest echelon of supremacy and endeavour to promote a culture that values and honour the commendable moral principles, individual and business integrity and admiration for others. Responsibilities have been undertaken by the financial committee and have also taken up the peril for audit and business in securities. On the other hand, BHP Billiton long-term incentive plan for the executive leadership are governed by the independent director policies and variety in approach. Each of the BHP Billiton Group operational functions clearly consent the company managerial leadership. The social environment gives effect to such consents and illustrates the obligatory performance necessary for the business. Such approach has transparency in the management approach where there is a broader community or industrial advantage. Strategic issues in management: Uncertainty: uncertainty can be regarded as an issue in each day business. It can be understood that a firms individual incapability to foresee something precisely. In the modern era business world, managers have to deal with the different kind of uncertainty. They face ambiguity in the overall environment in the form of macro-economic, political, social, technological and environmental limitations in which BHP Billiton functions. BHP Billiton faces strategic issues in the industry it operates regarding the uncertainty about the authentic state, it effects and impacts the uncertainty about responses or sufficient measures (Grant, 2015). Volatility: A strategic decision is robustly exaggerated by the changes that effect the BHP Billiton personality state of affairs. One such scenario of volatility is the change in price of raw material, metallurgical coal, copper, nickel, etc, at the manufacturing stage in the current years. Such materials forms the basis for the mining industry and government policy of changing the price of the raw material has lead to strategically pertinent restrictions. Complexity: Complexity determines the factors, which BHP Billiton must take into the account when preparing the strategies. It is observed in the study that BHP Billiton major strategic issue in business is the major change in the rule rather than expectations. Change in leadership, overseas initiatives and services are the grounds of such complication leading to strategic issues. Ambiguity: How accurately can BHP Billiton determine the intensity of impact in executive initiatives on a companys performance? Decision-making is difficult due to the fact that it is sometimes unclear which variables are concerned and what is their specific role. Executives of BHP Billiton are facing circumstances that have never been faced earlier. It is still unclear regarding how the political shorter time will generate an impact on the mid-term and long-term environments of BHP Billiton decisions (Gamble and Thompson, 2014). Conclusion: As it has been observed that the first decade of the industrial revolution in 21st century has been featured by the improbability in numerous ways. Rapid globalisation, accelerating innovation and growing competition, conveys with them the volatility, complexity and ambiguity. Hence, BHP Billiton need an additional approach to counter the challenges of intricacy in their trade and it should to build up an approach, which must be based on the strategic planning. Situational based strategic planning will allow BHP Billiton to establish different pictures of outlook and arrange their system of government for different futures. Reference List: Grant, R.M., 2015.Contemporary Strategy Analysis 9e Text Only. John Wiley Sons. Moon, B.E., Kim, H.T., Nah, K.D., Kim, J.H. and Kim, H.T., 2015. Analysis of internal environment of a pig house using energy recovery ventilator.Tropical Agricultural Research,26(3), pp.547-553. Chapman, R.J., 2012. Appendix 9: VRIO Analysis.Simple Tools and Techniques for Enterprise Risk Management, Second Edition, pp.587-588. Grnig, R. and Khn, R., 2015. Strategy Planning Process. InThe Strategy Planning Process(pp. 41-52). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Chen, F. and Kodono, Y., 2014. Fuzzy VRIO and SWOT Analysis of Chery Automobile.JACIII,18(3), pp.429-434. Knott, P.J., 2015. Does VRIO help managers evaluate a firms resources?.Management Decision,53(8), pp.1806-1822. Hesterly, W. and Barney, J.B., 2015.Strategic Management and Competitive Advantage Concepts and Cases. Pearson Higher Ed. De Souza, C.D.R. and Mrcio de Almeida, D.A., 2013. Value chain analysis applied to the scrap tire reverse logistics chain: An applied study of co-processing in the mining industry.Resources, Conservation and Recycling,78, pp.15-25. Darmawan, M.A., Putra, M.P.I.F. and Wiguna, B., 2014. Value chain analysis for green productivity improvement in the natural rubber supply chain: a case study.Journal of Cleaner Production,85, pp.201-211. Sausman, C., Garcia, M., Fearne, A., Felgate, M., El Mekki, A.A., Cagatay, S., Soliman, I., Thabet, B., Thabet, C., Sad, M.B. and Laajimi, A., 2015. From value chain analysis to global value chain analysis: fresh mining export sector in mediterranean partner countries. InSustainable Agricultural Development(pp. 197-225). Springer International Publishing. Gamble, J.E. and Thompson Jr, A.A., 2014.Essentials of strategic management. Irwin Mcgraw-Hill. Walker, G., 2015.Modern competitive strategy. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.