US Foreign Policy Essay -- American History, The Cold War

The contemporary foreign policy of the United States represents an evolving continuum of principles, conceptions and strategies that in part, derived from the particularistic the Statesn rimed War experience. As such, United States foreign policy is neither a static entity, nor is its intentions or direction uncontested. This essay will examine the underlying issues of identity and how, beginning with the Truman Doctrine, a distinct articulation of the guinea pig interest was evinced that has defined Americas role in the world. In doing so, focus will be given to the development of alliance policy, containment and its effect on transforming the US posture in the post-Cold War international order. Firstly, it is pertinent to reconsider the traditional narratives that underpin American identity. Inherent in this is Manifest Destiny, which asserts that Anglo-Saxon Americans are Gods chosen people, with a superior culture and who are pre-ordained to spread civilisation to inferior pe oples (Hollander 2009, 169). This tradition offers instructive themes for the training of American exceptionalism and its manifestation into a missionary foreign policy (Hoffmann 1968, 369). It also raises to the forefront the Manichean character of American policy, its solipsism and tendency to justify geopolitical objectives in moralistic terms (Lepgold 1995, 372). Thus, US foreign policy is a discourse for reproducing American identity, containing threats to its core principles and legitimating globular actions (Campbell 1998, 70). The Cold War era ended Americas historic vacillation between isolationism and internationalism. The Truman Doctrine committed, in part to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minoriti... ... quickly evolving international system, the US is at the forefront and yet is most threatened by the emerging multipolar order (Zakaria 2009, 43).The contemporary foreign policy of the US reflects an growing of the policies purs ued during the Cold War. Using a combination of ideology, alliances and containment, the US cultivated a global order that defeated the Soviet Union. Having achieved pre-eminence, the signatures of these same philosophies remains infix in US policy and strategic thinking. Perhaps the best indication of this is the designation of a new ideological enemy in terrorism and its resulting revalidation of Cold War dogma into a modern raison dtat. Most critically, the US is utilising this new calling to consolidate its alliances and contain adversaries in light of the emergence of an increasingly decentralised, multipolar global order.

National Prohibition in America :: Eighteenth Amendment

National bulwark, brought about by the Eighteenth Am closurement andenforced through the Volstead Act, lasted for everywhere ten years. Besides agrowing lack of public support for both Prohibition and temperance itself, theoutlaw of alcohol continued throughout the united Statesat least in the lawbooks. In practice, however, National Prohibition was much less effectivethan temperance and Prohibition leaders had hoped, in the end causing more problems than it solved. Once started, Prohibition led to the rise in crime during the twenties, the public health problems associated with bootleg liquorand alcohol substitutes, the problems between religious, racial, and thepolitical rise in response to its presence. Prohibition did enjoy some success. History revealed that alcohol inebriety did drop after the National Prohibition and the Volstead Act. Thislower on a national level was not all that much to the effect of recentproblems in specific areas or communities. Also, after this drop alcoholdrinking continued to rise through Prohibition to the point where it wasthought drinking would actually pass pre-Prohibition levels. The same wastrue of alcohol related diseases while lowering, alcoholism andalcohol-related illness climbed to new heights, all while Prohibition was stillin effect (Thornton, Failure 7071). The initial ideas of Prohibition was reversed. Crime was a problem during Prohibition. Since demand does not generallylower or at least not greatly alcohol continued to be traded even though laws live to stop those kind of problems. The black market increased the crimerate related to the making and selling of alcohol. Prohibition creates newprofit opportunities for both criminals and non-criminals, particularly for thosepreviously involved in criminal activities (Thornton, Failure 116117). During National Prohibition in the 1920s and early 1930scrime ratecontinued to promote as less and less people were willing to quit drinking or torespect the ideas of pr ohibition, as shown by the raise in fines given forProhibition violations through its time. Crime quickly became organized forthe first time, running activities contrary to Prohibition on a never before seenscale (Thornton, Failure 70). In fact, by the end of Prohibition, speakeasieshad actually outnumbered the saloons of pre-Prohibition years, spreading theinfluence of alcohol over a much wider range (Thornton, Failure 72).Alcohol prices rose greatly payable to the troubles of making and selling aprohibited substance especially among the working classes, to steal alcohol or to steal other things which could then be interchange to pay for alcohol. Prohibition was first meant to stop the abuses thought to be fromalcohol, main problem was crime. As more and more people began to ignore

Changing Career Patterns :: Jobs Work Essays

Changing Career PatternsThis project has been funded at least in unwrap with Federal funds from the U.S. Department of schooling under Contract No. ED-99-CO-0013. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Education nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Digests may be freely reproduced and are available at http//ericacve.org/fulltext.as Choi Joon Seo, a 31-year-old Korean who worked as regional marketing manager for Nike in Hong Kong, resigned his job so he could pursue his dream of building his own sports marketing company. (Jung et al. 2000) Heidi Miller of Citigroup and bloody shame Cirillo of Deutsche Bank, two of the most senior women in U.S. banking, resigned their jobs to look for new calling challenges in e-commerce. (Currie 2000) Alan Goldstein, in response to his growing interest in computer technology, resigned from his life st ory as trauma surgeon at Kings County Hospital in New York, and, at age 49, formed his own software company. (Mottl 1999) Glenn Gainley, after working his fashion to vice president in charge of business units at Symbios, Inc., quit his job at age 40 and returned to school to pursue a direction career. (Black 1999) These examples of career changes reflect a common trendincreased job mobility. The linear career path that once kept people working in the same job, often for the same company, is not the standard career route for todays workers. Today, many workers are pursuing varied career paths that reflect sequential career changes. This set of ongoing changes in career plans, direction, and employers portrays the lifetime progression of work as a composite of experiences. This Digest explores how changing technologies and global competitiveness pee-pee led to redefinition of interests, abilities, and work options that influence career development. Influences on Career MobilityJob mobility no longer carries the stigma once associated with job change, although it can be emotionally stressful. Corporate upheavals of the early 1990s and low unemployment rates during the last part of the decade have caused changes in job search and hiring practices. Companies, especially those in technology fields that are in dire need of qualified, skilled, and experienced employees, are driven to recruit workers away from their current employers. Workers, who see job mobility as a way to find work that is appealing, challenging, and offers growth potential, are viewing career change as a way to progress through the uncertainties of the workplace.